Marathon runs is the discipline of athletics running at a distance of 26 miles 385 yards. The Olympic program of international marathon appeared in 1896 for men and in 1984 for women.
All the marathons should obey the general rules of IAAF for a highway run. The recommended elevation at a distance, certified by IAAF, should not exceed 1/1000, that is one meter per kilometer. The marathon mile distance should be measured with an accuracy of 0.1% (42 meters). Commercial marathons are usually held on the system of mass simultaneous launch. But, in fact, it is impossible to cross the starting line simultaneously. Therefore, the certified AIMS runs organizers supply the participants with special electronic chips, fixing the time of crossing the start line.
As for the various marathon places world records they hadn’t been officially recognized by Athletics Federation IAAF by January 1, 2004 and as an alternative there was the statistics of “the best marathon results”. Distance Marathon must meet the standards of IAAF. However, marathon routes still vary greatly in profile, height above sea level and quality of the coating. This comparison sometimes makes the marathons non-fair. The world running a marathon record for men is 2 hours 3 minutes 59 seconds that was set in the Berlin Marathon by the Ethiopian runner called Haile Gebreselassie in September, 2008. The world’s best women’s result was achieved by Paula Radcliffe from Great Britain at the London Marathon in April, 2003. It was 2 hours 15 minutes 25 seconds. Running a marathon makes considerable demands on the physical condition of participants. In order to achieve high results organizers choose the best time of launch and profile distance. It is believed that the optimum temperature for a marathon is about +12 °. Temperatures above +18 ° are considered to be dangerous for some categories of runners. Most prestigious marathons in the world are held in the large cities that suffer from the problem of air pollution. Giving start early in the morning is impractical because of the morning smog. The usual start time for a commercial marathon is in the morning at approximately 8:30-11:00 am. Competitions in cyclic disciplines on the highway, unlike other disciplines of athletics, have their own schedule. There are several types of marathons: non-profit marathons that is included into the program of the Summer Olympic Games, World Championships, European continents championships and others, commercial marathons held annually in many large cities around the world, among them is the World Marathon Majors (Big Five marathons), extreme marathons – running at the North Pole, in the desert and so on. Most for the commercial marathons are held in March-April and September-October that coincides with the best weather conditions.
Marathon is the only discipline highway running being a member of the Olympic athletics program. Unlike all the other species it often happens so that the leading athletes-marathoners don’t take part in the Olympics and in the largest non-profit launches. This happens due to the several reasons. The world-class marathoners don’t take part in marathons more often than two or three times a year. Accordingly, they choose only certain events, thus non-competition schedule rarely suits them. Another problem is the high summer temperatures, which does not allow showing marathon best results.
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